Ethics practice in medicine 1. if any colleague is doing substance abuse, this must be reported to the state licensing board because the primary aim is to maintain patient safety. 2. if any patient gives a gift to a physician with some expectation that he will give me preference, do not accept the gift. otherwise, physicians can accept inexpensive gifts. 3. if any intoxicated patient comes to the ER and needs emergency treatment but the patient denies treatment, then sedate him and do an investigation and treatment. Because the patient is not currently in a state of being able to make the correct decision. so, assume that his decision will be further treatment and go ahead without consent.
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Health insurance system in the USA 1. Medicare 2. Medicaid 3. Medicare-Medicaid (Medi-Medi) 4. Medigap (medicare supplemental insurance) Medicare: it is for people aged more than 65; physically or mentally disabled, with end-stage renal disease, and only certain neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). It has 4 parts: A, B, C, D part A covers inpatient services part B covers outpatient services, outpatient surgery, and preventive care. part C (medicare advantage): this is provided by private insurance companies and it includes both inpatient and outpatient expenses PART D covers prescription drugs Medi-medi includes very low-income seniors, disabled who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid. Medigap covers expenses not covered by parts A, B, and D. It covers copays and deductibles.
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How to distinguish CSF findings whether it is a traumatic lumbar puncture or subarachnoid hemorrhage? if xanthochromia (degenerated RBC) is present, it is due to subarachnoid hemorrhage because it takes more than 2 hours for the degeneration of RBC. If frank blood is present then the RBC: WBC ratio is 700 -1000: 1