some conditions of pregnancy where extra prophylaxis is required

 pre-eclampsia

Risk factors of pre-eclampsia

High risk: DM, hypertension, CKD, autoimmune disease, multiple gestation, prior preeclampsia

Moderate risk: obesity, advanced maternal age, nulliparity

prophylaxis: aspirin beginning at 12 week period of gestation

preterm labor:

if the cervix is less than 2cm, then vaginal progesterone

if a history of preterm labor, then give intramuscular hydroxyprogesterone

prevention of neural tube defect

in the general population, 0.4mg of folic acid

if high risk of neural tube defect (e.g. prior neural tube defect, carbamazepine, valproate), then give 4mg folic acid


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