upper gi bleeding

causes: 

1. splenic vein thrombosis

Etiology: Acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer

clinical features: The difference between isolated splenic vein thrombosis and portal hypertension is that there are isolated gastric varices in splenic vein thrombosis but both gastroesophageal and gastric varices are present in portal hypertension.

Treatment for patients with splenic vein thrombosis and GI bleeding is splenectomy.

2. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease: there is occlusion of terminal hepatic venules (not veins) that causes post-sinusoidal portal hypertension. 

Etiology: most commonly occurs in patients with bone marrow transplant

clinical features: tender hepatomegaly, jaundice, ascites.

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